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\medskip
\centerline {\Large \bf PROJECT SUMMARY }
\bigskip
\centerline {\large \bf HEAT: the High Elevation Antarctic Terahertz Telescope}

\vspace{0.5cm}

Based upon the results of a design study funded by NSF-OPP in 2006, 
we propose to develop and deploy an automated, 0.5-meter THz observatory for remote
operation at the summit of Dome~A, the highest point on the Antarctic
plateau.  The High Elevation Antarctic TeraHertz Telescope (HEAT) is will
operate from 158 to 370~$\mu$m, and observe the brightest and most
diagnostic spectral lines from the Galaxy.  The HEAT telescope will be
integrated onto a University of New South Wales Plateau Observatory
(PLATO) and transported to Dome~A in Austral summer 2008-9. Together, HEAT and PLATO
will operate autominously from Dome A for up to a year at a time, with commands 
and data being transfered to and from the experiment via satellite daily. At 
Dome~A, HEAT will see excellent atmospheric transmission at 200+~$\mu$m during
much of the winter, and good transmission in the pivotal 160~$\mu$m
window for $\sim$20\% of the winter.  The HEAT heterodyne instrument 
package will utilize established mixer, local oscillator, amplifier,
cryogenic, and digital signal processing technologies. Funds for conducting the 
HEAT science program will be requested through a separate proposal to the 
Office of Polar Programs. HEAT is the Dome A component of the multinational 
`AstroPoles' program which has been offically endorsed by the Joint Committee for 
the upcoming International Polar Year (IPY).

\section*{What is the intellectual merit of the proposed activity?}

HEAT will
forge entirely new capabilities for ground based infrared and submillimeter
astronomy which otherwise would be 
unachievable except via expensive airborne or space-based platforms. HEAT (with PLATO)
is a new generation of polar instrumentation that permits the excellent 
conditions available from remote sites like Dome A to be harnessed without the costs 
and hazards associated with manned operations. 
The unparalleled stability, exceptional dryness, low wind
and extreme cold make Dome~A a ground-based site without equal for
astronomy at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths.  HEAT will operate in the 
atmospheric windows between 158 and 370~$\mu$m, in which the most crucial
astrophysical spectral diagnostics of the formation of galaxies,
stars, planets, and life are found.  HEAT will answer timely and 
fundamental questions about the evolution
of the interstellar medium and star formation.  In particular, 
through large-scale
Galactic surveys, the measurement and {\bf impact of the Galactic
environment} on the {\bf life cycles of interstellar clouds} and their
{\bf relation to star formation} will finally be realized. 
The receiver system itself serves as a flexible 
testbed for heterodyne Terahertz components.  Future upgrades of 
mixer, local oscillator, low-noise amplifier, cryogenic, and digital 
signal processing technologies are planned and will play essential roles in
future Terahertz observatories. 
This pioneering mission will pave the way for future astronomical
investigations from Dome~A.

\section*{What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity?}

HEAT's key project is to map with great sensitivity and precision, 
the Southern Galactic Plane in the
spectral light of the dominant coolants of the interstellar medium.
Definitive and comprehensive science 
products from the survey and its many synergistic 
collaborations will be made available to the astronomical 
community via the Web in a timely manner.  These survey products
will enhance the value of
numerous contemporary surveys.  Beneficiaries include the
GLIMPSE and ``C2D'' Legacy
programs from the Spitzer Space Telescope, the most recent HI and CO
surveys of the Galactic Plane, and the 2MASS infrared sky survey.
HEAT will serve both as a scientific and technological pathfinder for 
future suborbital and space-based missions. 
Finally, the design and fabrication of HEAT will be an interdisciplinary
team effort involving students from astronomy, optical
sciences, and electrical engineering.  Astronomical instrumentation is
becoming ever more complex, requiring the talents of many individuals
to bring them to fruition.  Providing students with both technical 
training and team-work experience increases their probability of 
of success not only within astronomy, but society as a whole. 

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